作者:冯庆华
整理:CATTI测验材料与资讯
四字格的运用可使文章增添不少生花之笔。一篇译文恰到益处地用一些四字格,可让人读起来抑扬抑扬,起落跌荡,可以享受到语音上的调和美感。
这种经由过程加强音感给人留下深刻印象的成果,是普通的二字词组、三字词组或五字词组、六字词组所不克不及做到的。
在忠实于原文的根底上,阐扬译文语言优势,运用四字格是应该加以倡始的。
例:
Eisenhower later recalled,when MacArthur felt slighted he was capable of expressing himself in “an explosive denunciation of politics,bad manners,bad judgment, broken promise, arrogance, unconstitutionality, insensitivity, and the way the world had gone to hell.”(W. Manchester: The Glory and the Dream)
艾森豪威此后来回想旧事时说,只要麦克阿瑟感触有人对他不敷尊重,就“创议脾气来,破口痛骂人家 好耍权术,不懂规矩,乱出主意,出尔反尔,狂妄自大,违反宪法,神经痴钝,麻痹不仁,如当代道真是见鬼,等等。”
汉语四字格优秀译例 (仅摘选个中局部例子,原书可见全部):
1)In the savage fighting, Germany itself was laid waste, the towns and countryside were devastated and ravished, the people decimated.(W. Manchester: The Glory and the Dream)
德国全境受到了野蛮战争的洗劫,市廛萧条,郊野荒凉,生灵涂炭,十室九空。
2)Drew Pearson, a thirty-four-year-old reporter, described them as“ragged, weary, and apathetic,”with“no hope on their faces.”(Ibid.)
有一位三十四岁的记者,名叫德鲁· 皮尔逊,他刻画那些退伍甲士,说是“衣衫褴褛,筋疲力尽,神情木然,满脸愁容。”
4)He was canny, openhanded, brisk, candid, and modest.(Ibid.)
他为人聪明风雅,生气勃勃,忠厚耿直,谦虚慎重。
5)The Presidency has survived hard times and ordinary men before.(Newsweek,Jan. 26,1981)
总统其职,真是历尽艰巨时代,裁汰尽平庸之辈。
6)I repair to the enchanted house, where there are lights, chattering, music, flowers, officers and the eldest Miss Larkins, a blaze of beauty.(Charles Dickens: David Copperfield)
我此刻朝着那家仙宫神宇走去,那儿灯烛辉煌、人语嘈杂、乐音悠扬、花卉缤纷、军官纷来,另有拉钦斯巨细姐,真是仪态万千。
11)On this battle rests the fate of our nation. Let every man do his utmost.
民族生死在此一战。凡我士兵务必全力奋战。
12)She is cheerful and adaptable, as well as gentle. 她不但是性情温柔,并且爽朗随和。
16)He was a voracious reader, spending much of his days and evenings devouring books.(W. Manchester: The Glory and the Dream)
他读起书来废寝忘食,夜以继日。
17)Lacking shade or screens, the BEF was exposed to the full fury of the season.(Ibid.)“远征军”一无凉棚,二无帘幕,饱尝酷暑之苦。
18)The capital was a slumbering village in summer, largely forgotten the rest of the year.(Ibid.)夏天,首都沉沉欲睡,恰如村野;至于其他季候,更没有人记得它了。

19)That crippled the court reform.(Ibid.)最高法院的改革,就此中途而废。
20)They bluntly told him that their governments intended to break their covenants. In spite of their pledged word, they would not march; either the Czechs would capitulate to the Nazi dictator or they would be left to fight alone.(Ibid.)
他们直截了本地通知他,英法两国要弃盟背信了。固然有约在先,但是此刻他们决不收兵,捷克要么向德国独裁者屈膝降服佩服,要么孤军抗战。
21)Sheer boredom nearly drove Eisenhower to the point of resigning his commission.(Ibid.)
由于闷极无聊,艾森豪威尔简直想投笔从戎。
29)I don't know where the diploma is now.(John Cheever: The Season of Divorce)
文凭此刻下落何方我也不得而知。
30)The picture of the well-dressed, pink-cheeked doctor losing his heart to Ethel in this environment was hard to take seriously.(Ibid.)
这种情况总不会叫人相信,这位衣冠楚楚、神色红润的大夫,竟会被埃蒂尔荡气回肠吧。
34)She worked for a vulgar and badly educated family.(Ibid.)
她给一个风致低下、不足教化的家庭帮工。
36)The trees at that season were very colorful —she had never seen this before.(Ibid.)
这季节的树木却多姿多彩,这是她见所未见的。
37)She was always hurried during the day and tired at night.(Ibid.)
她白日老是急忙忙忙,晚上就怠倦不胜。
41)Even the most beautiful fell quickly under the darkness of time, like flowers without care.(Ibid.)
最美的娇娃,因为不胜时艰,很快便姿容消褪,就像无人照顾护士的花朵个别。
45)Men and women hurried by in long, shifting lines.(Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie)
男男女女,熙熙攘攘,川流不息。
46)Before you came I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.(Ibid.)
你来之前,我一无所事,只是不务正业,游戏人间罢了。
我们可以常常做这样的操练,把自己随意看到或想到的一些英语单词和词组设法翻译成汉语四字格。大量的操练可以使我们熟能生巧,使我们在今后的翻译实践中对四字格的运用能做到得心应手。
我们无妨用四字格来口译以下的英语单词和词组:
1)pregnant 有孕在身;身怀六甲(× 珠胎暗结)
2)sweet 娇柔娇媚;温婉可儿;楚楚感人
3)slumbering 沉沉欲睡
4)bluntly 直截了当;直言不讳;开宗明义

5)capitulate 屈膝降服佩服;缴械降服佩服
6)base(adj.) 鄙俚无耻
7)hurriedly 急忙忙忙;心急火燎;风风火火
8)someday 有朝一日;总有一天(× 猴年马月)
9)dreary 枯燥无味;精疲力竭
10)repulsive 令人反感;令人作呕
11)bargain 讨 价还价;斤斤计算
12)mischievous 淘气作怪
13)cynical 玩世不恭;愤世嫉俗;冷嘲热讽
14)careless 粗心大意;马敷衍虎
15)platitude 须生常谈;陈词谰言
16)senile 齿豁头童(× 老树枯柴)
17)appropriate 恰如其分;恰到益处
18)boundless 漫无边际;无边无际
19)listless 没精打采;无精打采
20)furious 肝火冲天;怒不成遏
21)have never met 素不相识;素未谋面;不曾谋面
22)extend in all directions 四通八达
23)talk and laugh cheerfully 妙语横生;欢声笑语(× 有说有笑)
24)a world of difference 天壤之别;截然差别;天差地别25)take a risk in desperation 逼上梁山;背注一掷
26)disciples and followers 徒子徒孙;高足门生
27)decline with all sorts of excuses 推三阻四;千般推辞(× 婉言谢绝)
28)await with great anxiety 望穿秋水;望眼欲穿;翘首以待
29)remarkably true to life 惟妙惟肖;栩栩如生
30)be shamed into anger 末路羞成怒;大发雷霆
31)hate to see sb go 依依不舍;依依不舍;难舍难分
32)again and again 多次三番
33)try to look happy when actually sad 强颜欢笑
34)as if awakening from a dream 如梦初醒
35)walk off with sth 顺手牵羊
36)get instant results 吹糠见米
37)achieve what one wishes 如愿以偿
38)broad daylight 青天白日
39)take on an entirely new look 面目一新
40)face danger fearlessly 见义勇为
翻译中的四字格运用要从多方面加以留神。
原文语言正规、行文晦涩,尤其是在使用对偶、排比战争行布局等情况下,我们可用四字格来传播原文的语言成果。
原文中像赠言、题词、感触、简便的歌词和诗句等语言形式,可以采纳契合汉语特点的四字格加以表白。在译文中运用四字格时,我们还必需充沛思索到情感色彩、语言特征、人物塑造等方面的问题。
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